海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层成因及油气勘探意义     

蒙启安  李军辉  李跃  邹越 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(2):569-578

海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷下白垩统铜钵庙组和南屯组广泛发育高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层，并已于其中获得了工业突破，但对其成因机制认识不清。在岩心、薄片、录井和测井等资料综合研究的基础上，结合大量海拉尔—塔木察格盆地及周边地区的火山事件分析，认为中部富油凹陷发育的高含凝灰质碎屑岩的岩石类型主要包括凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩。不同时期、不同凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层发育特点各异，整体来看从铜钵庙组到南屯组储层中的凝灰质含量越来越低，高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层主要发育在铜钵庙组和南一段沉积时期。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山物质并非来源于自身断陷期发生的基性火山活动，而是来自于大兴安岭地区大规模的酸性火山喷发事件。海拉尔—塔木察格盆地高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层的成因机制包括两种类型：一种是同沉积期火山灰直接空降入湖型；另一种是同沉积期火山灰先沉降至陆上经河流搬运后再沉积的水携型。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山碎屑物质受有机酸作用易于溶蚀，次生孔隙发育，为深部油气成藏提供了有效储层空间，并且火山喷发活动对优质烃源岩的形成具有促进作用，对于油气勘探具有重要意义。  相似文献   

重庆市中梁山地区隐伏塌陷特征及物探勘测的思路     

张银松  曹聪  康世海  刘家富 《中国岩溶》2020,39(6):918-927

为查明隐伏塌陷区域，分析重庆市中梁山地区岩溶塌陷的特征，发现塌陷主要发生在以岩溶裂隙发育为主的松散粉质黏土区域；地震映像法能方便、快速地查清土层的松散状态，而高密度电阻率法通过正演模拟发现只能探测出2～3倍电极距的异常范围，但能反映出岩溶裂隙发育的漏斗形态，即只要能找出岩溶裂隙的大致位置和浅表松散土层的范围就能圈定隐伏塌陷的区域。对中梁山地区某居民点进行野外勘测，综合以上两种方法圈定隐伏塌陷区域，其推断结果与钻探资料十分吻合，说明这种隐伏岩溶探测思路是可行的。   相似文献   

高速铁路无砟轨道地基泥岩膨胀性分类分级研究     

薛彦瑾  王起才  马丽娜  张戎令  代金鹏  王强 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):3109-3118

红层泥岩是一种典型侏罗系沉积岩，其含有微量黏土矿物，易遇水软化、失水崩解，具有一定膨胀性，是引起兰新高速铁路路基持续上拱变形的一个重要因素，故重新判定该种土体膨胀性对高速铁路无砟轨道设计和施工具有重要意义。为此，选取等效蒙脱石含量、阳离子交换量、自由膨胀率和液限为泥岩膨胀性判别指标，通过兰新高速铁路上拱地段大量钻孔实测资料，提出了泥岩膨胀等级分级标准，采用改进层次分析法、基尼系数法和直觉模糊理论确定了判别指标组合权重，基于逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS法)建立了泥岩膨胀性直觉模糊综合评价模型。结果表明：直觉模糊综合评价模型将泥岩膨胀性进行了定量化，克服了同一试样不同指标属于不同等级判别缺陷；室内膨胀量试验验证了膨胀等级分级标准和直觉模糊综合评价模型对兰新高铁地基泥岩适用性和准确性。研究成果对地基红层泥岩高速铁路路基长期持续上拱变形风险评估和工程控制措施提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

Deciphering late Devonian–early Carboniferous P–T–t path of mylonitized garnet-mica schists from Prins Karls Forland,Svalbard     

Karolina Kośmińska  Frank S. Spear  Jarosław Majka  Karol Faehnrich  Maciej Manecki  Karsten Piepjohn  Winfried K. Dallmann 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(5):471-493

Quartz-in-garnet inclusion barometry integrated with trace element thermometry and calculated phase relations is applied to mylonitized schists of the Pinkie unit cropping out on the island of Prins Karls Forland, western part of the Svalbard Archipelago. This approach combines conventional and novel techniques and allows deciphering of the pressure–temperature (P–T) evolution of mylonitic rocks, for which the P–T conditions could not have been easily deciphered using traditional methods. The results obtained suggest that rocks of the Pinkie unit were metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions at 8–10 kbar and 560–630°C and mylonitized at ~500 to 550°C and 9–11 kbar. The P–T results are coupled with in-situ Th–U-total Pb monazite dating, which records amphibolite facies metamorphism at c. 359–355 Ma. This is the very first evidence of late Devonian–early Carboniferous metamorphism in Svalbard and it implies that the Ellesmerian Orogeny on Svalbard was associated with metamorphism up to amphibolite facies conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that the Ellesmerian collision between the Franklinian margin of Laurentia and Pearya and Svalbard caused not only commonly accepted brittle deformation and weak greenschist facies metamorphism, but also a burial and deformation of rock complexes at much greater depths at elevated temperatures.  相似文献   

高效钻杆润滑脂研制及其在川藏铁路勘察中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

熊正强  陶士先  张德龙  邹志飞 《探矿工程》2020,47(11):7-11

针对地质钻探深孔或水平孔失返性漏失时钻具磨损及钻进效率低的问题，以白油、钠基稠化剂与粘结性材料等为原料，采用一步法研制了一种高效钻杆润滑脂，并在川藏铁路昌都段定测勘察水平孔现场应用中取得显著效果，有力支撑服务了川藏铁路大位移水平孔施工。室内评价及现场应用结果表明，该润滑脂具有耐低温（-16 ℃）、易涂抹、良好的粘附性与润滑性以及高性价比特点，能长时间保护钻具，而且其润滑效果与国外同类产品相当。  相似文献   

激光测高数据辅助卫星成像几何模型精化处理     

曹宁  周平  王霞  唐新明  李国元 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):291-302

资源三号02星搭载了中国首个对地观测试验性激光测高载荷。借鉴目前较成熟的卫星影像区域网平差理论的基础上,结合近年来激光测高数据精度的大幅提升以及资源三号02星激光测高数据的特点,首次提出了激光测高数据辅助卫星立体影像进行成像几何模型精化处理的通用理论。首先,利用传统的区域网平差算法对所处理影像进行高精度连接点匹配处理,并对其进行无约束的自由网平差处理,获得高精度相对精度及不亚于原始成像几何模型的绝对精度;其次,根据激光测高数据3维坐标和精化后参考影像成像几何模型获取激光数据参考影像坐标;而后将参考影像坐标通过几何模型映射获取目标影像上待匹配影像坐标,通过连接点匹配算法,对待匹配目标影像坐标进行精化获取高精度像方同名点;最后,以同名点作为高程控制进行区域网平差计算,对影像成像几何模型进一步处理,获取高精度补偿参数。通过湖北、青海两测区的试验,以激光测高数据辅助卫星影像几何模型精化精度可分别达到1.97 m、3.23 m,结果表明本文提出的方法可有效提高卫星立体数据测图精度。  相似文献   

Concurrent Determination of U‐Pb Age and REE Mass Fractions of Zircon by High Mass Resolution SIMS     

Yu Liu  Qiu‐Li Li  Guo‐Qiang Tang  Xian‐Hua Li 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):421-437

A combined geochronological and geochemical investigation for the same domain of zircon provides valuable information on timing and genesis, particularly in the case of multi‐growth metamorphic zircon. A high spatial resolution concurrent analytical method for zircon U‐Pb age and rare earth element content was successfully achieved in this study, using a multi‐collector secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) at a ~ 8 μm diameter scale. Special instrument parameters were employed, including a high mass resolution of approximately 15000 applied to replace the previous energy filter method, and a dynamic multi‐collector mode used to reduce the measurement time to 18 min per analysis. Six zircon reference materials yielded precise and accurate ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages, which are comparable to those obtained by the ordinary mono‐collector method, but with 2–3 times higher spatial resolution. All zircon grains measured in this study showed enriched heavy‐REE (HREE) contents consistent with previously reported values determined by LA and solution ICP‐MS methods. The light‐REE (LREE) mass fractions measured using both SIMS and LA‐ICP‐MS methods in this study, although with quite different volume, show consistent results within uncertainties.  相似文献   

High‐Precision,High‐Accuracy Oxygen Isotope Measurements of Zircon Reference Materials with the SHRIMP‐SI     

Janaína N. vila  Trevor R. Ireland  Peter Holden  Peter Lanc  Andrew Latimore  Norm Schram  John Foster  Ian S. Williams  Liane Loiselle  Bin Fu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(1):85-102

Analytical protocols for SHRIMP‐SI oxygen isotope analysis (δ¹⁸O) of a suite of zircon reference materials (RMs) are presented. Data reduction involved a robust estimate of uncertainties associated with the individual spot as well as for groups where the spot data are combined. The repeatability of δ¹⁸O measurements is dependent on both the analytical conditions and the choice of the primary reference material. Under optimised conditions, repeatability was often better than 0.4‰ (2s) allowing sample uncertainties to be obtained to better than 0.2‰ (at 95% confidence limit). Single spot uncertainty combined the within‐spot precision with the scatter associated with repeated measurements of the primary zircon reference material during a measurement session. The uncertainty for individual spots measured under optimised conditions was between 0.3 and 0.4‰ (at 95% confidence). The analytical protocols described were used to assess a variety of zircon RMs that have been used for geochronology and for which laser fluorination oxygen isotope data are available (Temora 2, FC1, R33, QGNG and Ple?ovice), as well as zircons that have been used as RMs for trace element or other types of determination (Mud Tank, Monastery, 91500, AS57, AS3, KIM‐5, OG1, SL13, CZ3 and several other Sri Lankan zircons). Repeated analyses over nine sessions and seven different mounts show agreement within analytical uncertainty for Temora 2, FC1, R33, QGNG, Ple?ovice and 91500, when normalised to Mud Tank. For existing ion microprobe mounts with these materials, an appropriate δ¹⁸O can be determined. However, care should be taken when using zircons from the Duluth Complex (i.e., FC1, AS57 and AS3) as reference materials as our data indicated an excess scatter on δ¹⁸O values associated with low‐U zircon grains.  相似文献   

一种高光谱遥感图像快速谱聚类算法     

张亚平  张宇  杨楠  罗晓  罗谦 《测绘通报》2019,(12):60-64

为获得分类效果更优良的遥感图像分类方式并解决高光谱遥感图像分类运算速度缓慢的问题，集成Lanczos算法与谱聚类算法，探讨了高光谱遥感图像谱聚类算法应用于遥感图像分类的可行性，提出了一种面向高光谱遥感图像的快速谱聚类算法；通过对比美国圣地亚哥机场高光谱遥感图像K-均值算法与谱聚类算法的分类结果，发现面向高光谱遥感图像的谱聚类算法易于识别线性地物，且分类的速度能得到较大提升。  相似文献   

深度学习GoogleNet模型支持下的中分辨率遥感影像自动分类     

陈斌  王宏志  徐新良  王首泰  张亚庆 《测绘通报》2019,(6):29-33,40

提出了一种基于深度学习技术的遥感分类方法，它能有效解决中分辨率影像在分类过程中出现的像元混分问题。研究选用2016年5月12日武汉市Landsat 7 ETM+遥感影像，基于GoogleNet模型中的Inception V3网络结构，借助迁移学习方法，构建出遥感分类模型，实现了对武汉市主城区4类典型地物（不透水层、植被、水体和其他用地）的自动分类提取，并将分类结果与传统最大似然分类（ML）结果进行了对比分析。研究表明：基于深度学习方法的遥感影像总体分类精度高达88.33%，Kappa系数为0.834 2，明显优于传统ML方法总体分类精度83%和Kappa系数0.755 0，而且有效抑制了地物在分类过程中出现的像元混分现象。  相似文献